Archaeological Ethics

The New York Times had an interesting article called "When Ancient Artifacts become Political Pawns." The article describes various instances in which several countries have used artifacts to promote nationalism and their political agenda.

One of the most interesting cases that author, Michael Kimmelmen, brings up is that of Farouk Hosny who lost a bid to become director general of UNESCO and blamed it on a Jewish conspiracy. Not only that, but when Hosny was asked about Israeli books in the Alexandria museum, he said "Let’s burn these books. If there are any, I will burn them myself before you."

It is really shocking that that Hosny thought he would win his bid for UNESCO when he so publically promotes nationalism and the destruction of foreign manuscripts and artifacts.

Another case that raised questions for me is the Nefertitti bust. Hawass, who was discussed in the last post, wants to have the bust returned and if the bust can be proven that it wasn't stolen from Egypt a century ago, then Hawass will allow Berlin to keep the famous artifact.
I can't help but wonder how Hawass feels about the massive trade of artifacts that took place prior to the 20th century. Does he believe that ALL artifacts belonging to a different nation belong solely in that nation? Or does he believe that only artifacts that will encourage tourism and will generate money are important?